3 Dimensional Application Techniques – For 3D reconstruction in medical imaging, see 3D reconstruction. For 3D reconstruction of sound, see 3D sound reconstruction.
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect current events or new information available. (October 2019)
3 Dimensional Application Techniques
3D reconstruction of the entire anatomy of the right view of the small sea snake Pseudunela viatoris.
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In computer vision and computer graphics, 3D rendering is the process of capturing the shape and appearance of real objects. This process can be done through active or passive methods.
If the model is allowed to change over time, this is called nonstationary or spatiotemporal reconstruction.
3D reconstruction research has always been a challenging goal. Using 3D reconstruction, it is possible to determine the 3D profile of each object, as well as the 3D control of all parts of the profile. The construction of 3D objects is often a scientific and technological problem in many fields, such as computer-aided geometric design (CAGD), computer graphics, computer animation, computer vision, medical imaging, computational science , virtual reality, and digital media. , another N.
For example, the patient’s injury data can be entered into the computer first in 3D, which has a new and accurate way to diagnose and therefore has important benefits in treatment pain.
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Active way, ie. Includes data processing, obtaining a depth map, reconstructing a 3D profile using digital projections, and creating objects in models based on scario. These methods often involve reconstructing objects either mechanically or radiometrically, using remote sensing to obtain a depth map, for example. lighting, laser range and other active singing. A simple example of a mechanical method would use a depth gauge to measure the distance to a rotating object placed on the table. The most common way to use electricity is to shine a light on an object and measure its reflection. Examples include moving light, seeing light colors, and time of flight lasers
Passive 3D reconstruction method does not interfere with the reconstructed object; they only use ssor to measure the reflected or diffuse radiation of an object’s surface to determine its 3D structure by understanding the image.
Usually, ssor is the image from the camera to see the light, and the input to the method is digital image (one, two or more) or video. In this case, we are talking about image construction and the result is a 3D model. Compared to active methods, passive methods can be used in many situations.
Monocular signal transmission refers to the use of one or more images from a single point of view (camera) to pass a 3D reconstruction. It uses 2D features (such as Silhouettes, Shadows, and textures) to measure 3D images, and is therefore also called Shape-From-X, where X can be Silhouettes, Shadows, Textures, etc. thing. 3D reconstruction of monocular signals is easy and fast and requires only one suitable image, so only one camera is created. Technically, it avoids stereo matching, which is very difficult.
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The image of the shadow Thanks to the analysis of color information in the image, using Lambertian theory, the depth of the normal information of the location of the object is returned to it.
Stereo photometry This method is more complicated than the shadow method. Images in different lighting conditions are used to resolve depth information. Needless to say, this method requires more than one image.
Image from texture Let’s imagine that this object is covered with a flat surface with a recycled material, and its projection from 3D to 2D causes an effect and thoughts. Distortion and perspective, measured in 2D images, give an indication of the inverse depth resolution of the object’s normal surface data.
It has been suggested that this chapter be divided into another article called Computer Stereo Vision. (Discussion) (October 2021)
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Stereo obtains a three-dimensional geometric vision of an object from multiple images based on the study of the human visual system.
The results are presented in a depth map. Images of an object captured by two cameras at the same time from different views or from one camera at different times from different views are used to restore 3D geometric fabric document and return its 3D profile and location. This is more direct than the monocular method such as shadows.
Binocular stereo vision requires two identical cameras with equal optical properties to observe the same object and obtain two images from different perspectives. Regarding the trigonometric relationship, the depth data can be calculated from the inequality. The binocular vision method has been well developed and is very useful for 3D reconstruction, which achieves better performance compared to other 3D models. Unfortunately, this involves effort and also works poorly when the base distance is large.
The method of using stereoscopic vision in order to obtain 3D geometric information about an object is based on visual parameters.
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The figure below shows a simple diagram of horizontal stereo binocular vision, where b is the main line between the projection centers of the two cameras.
The origin of the camera integration is based on the optical position of the camera, as shown in the picture. In fact, the image plane of the camera is behind the optical center of the camera. But to simplify the calculation, the figure is drawn near the optical center ls of f. The u and V axes of the image coordinate system O 1 u v uv} are in the same direction as the x and y axes of the camera coordinate system, respectively. The origin of the image coordinate system is located at the intersection of the image plane and the optical axis. Suppose that the world point P, its image points P 1 ( u 1 , v 1 ) (u_, v_)} and P 2 ( u 2, v 2 ) (u_, v_)} in plane on the left picture and that’s right. . Suppose the two cameras are in the same plane and the y-coordinates of P 1 } and P 2 } are the same, for example. v1 = v2 = v_}. According to the trigonometric relationship,
Where (x p, y p, z p), y_, z_)} is the coordinate of P in the coordinates of the left camera, f is the length of the camera. Visual disparity is defined as the difference between the location of the image of a point on the earth, taken by two cameras,
Therefore, when the coordinates of the image points are known, in addition to the parameters of the two cameras, the 3D association of the points can also be determined.
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2D images obtained are the source of information for 3D reconstruction. Most 3D reconstructions are based on two or more images, although sometimes only one image is used. There are many ways from the image, depending on the reason and purpose of the specific application. Not only the applications must be done, but also the contrast, lighting, camera performance and scario performance must be considered.
Camera calibration in binocular Stereo Vision refers to the determination of the relationship between the maps P 1 (u 1, v 1) (u_, v_)} and P 2 (u 2, v 2) ( u_, v_)} and the spatial coordinate. P (x p, y p, z p), y_, z_)} in 3D scan. Camera calibration is an important and important part of 3D reconstruction from binocular stereo vision.
The purpose of video extraction is to obtain image features from which stereo matching can be done. Therefore, the characteristics of the image are closely related to the selection of appropriate methods. There is no such theory to extract the universal material that includes the diversity of stereo correspondences in binocular research.
Stereo matching is done by comparing the original elements in the image, i.e. compare P 1 (u 1, v 1) (u_, v_)} and P 2 (u 2, v 2) (u_, v_)} two graphs. Some effects in scario should be noted, eg. brightness, sound, physical characteristics of the surface, etc.
Three Dimensional Apps On Smartphone. A 3d Phone Is A Mobile Phone That Conveys Depth Perception To The Viewer By Employing Stereoscopy Or Any Other Form Of 3d Depth Techniques. Stock Photo,
Based on the exact match together with the camera’s location parameters, the 3D geometric data can be restored without any problems. Because the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction depends on the accuracy of the text, the error of the camera position, etc., the previous process must be done carefully. to achieve a good 3D construction.
Routine diagnosis, patient assessment, computerized surgery, surgical planning, etc. with accurate 3D models of the human body. The main purpose is behind the 3D construction
Most of the available 3D reconstruction algorithms are very slow and cannot be used in real time. Although the proposed algorithms are still in their infancy, they are capable of fast computation.
In this model, the quality of the content determines the feasibility of the method. For true triangulation, since we use the entire set of cloud points, the surface points with the upper error are clearly shown in the geometry.
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The construction of the surface is done by working distance, which
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