Applications/east Jakarta – Medan, Indonesia – When Indonesian President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo announced a dramatic plan to transform the nation’s capital during his annual address to the nation on August 16, 2019, he gave a surprising signal.
“The capital is not only a symbol of the country’s identity, but also a symbol of the country’s progress,” he said, one day before the 74th anniversary of Indonesia’s independence. “This is about achieving economic equality and justice.”
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On Tuesday, Jokowi’s grand plan took a step closer to reality when parliament approved a law establishing a law to move the capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, eastern Borneo, including issues such as finance and government.
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Jakarta, a capital city that has yet to capture the attention of other countries like Bangkok or Hanoi, is sinking under the weight of uncontrolled groundwater, clogged with traffic, smog and congestion. .
Under the resettlement program, 1.5 million of the city’s 11 million inhabitants will move to the forests of Indonesian Borneo at a cost of 32 billion dollars.
Jokowi described the project as an attempt to “make our country like America”, comparing the power between Jakarta and the capital of the relationship to the relationship between New York and Washington, DC.
“Java also has a long history due to the fact that it is home to 60 percent of Indonesia and the center of the world’s economy, providing more than half of Indonesia’s national product,” said Deasy Simandjuntak, a member of ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. in Singapore, he told Al Jazeera.
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“The transfer of the capital to Kalimantan is intended to spread economic activities outside Java and help ensure equitable economic development, especially in the region of East Indonesia.”
Indonesian President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo said the country’s new capital should be “a symbol of the country’s progress” [File: Beawiharta/Reuters]
The government said the capital’s location – near the city of Balikpapan and the capital Samarinda – would make it less prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and tsunamis, even though Indonesia is on the Pacific Rim. such disasters occur frequently throughout the country.
Aaron Opdyke, a civil engineering engineer at the University of Sydney’s School of Civil Engineering, argues that the capital’s decision will prevent the country from being among the top 10 countries for death by accidents.
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“However, often, governments rush to relocate settlements in the hope that they can reduce disaster losses by simply reducing exposure to disasters,” Opdyke said. “We see time and time again that disasters are often confused by political decision-makers to gain political advantage, who do not really understand the drivers of the disaster. The destruction of our infrastructure, the economy and the social system often has a major role to play in. the creation of the danger. the problem – the causes of which are often not mentioned from the beginning either”.
On Monday, Indonesia’s planning minister, Suharso Monoarfa, announced that the new city will be called “Nusantara,” which means “islands,” after Jokowi’s review of about 80 proposed names.
The plan to do this began in the 1950s under Indonesia’s first president, Sukarno. Since then, other leaders including Soeharto and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesia’s second and sixth presidents, have embarked on a plan to leave them facing a seemingly insurmountable infrastructure crisis.
The latest plan calls for the purchase of 40,000 hectares (98,842 acres) of land to relocate government officials, civil servants and military personnel such as police and soldiers.
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One-fifth of the $32 billion purchase will be covered by the federal budget, with government enterprises and other private sector donors providing the rest.
Despite the Herculean task in front of him, Jokowi, who is often called the “Infrastructure Minister” because of his search for roads and dams, stuck to his vision, even amid the debate about the passage of the law faster than the law. talk about. . issues such as sexual harassment and labor rights have been absent for years.
Before the bill was released, some observers saw similarities between the fast-paced discussion and the debate on the Jobs Creation Act passed in October 2020, which many think you did not participate in and went public,” said Simandjuntak.
In a letter they wrote to the lower court before the law was passed, legal experts from Mulawarman University in Samarinda expressed their complaint about the bill, which is that the bill did not receive sufficient opinions and “violated the law”.
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The letter, signed by Dean of Law Mahendra Putra Kurnia, said that Nusantara will be governed by a person directly appointed by the president every five years, a model that “may be unconstitutional and centralized”.
One of the candidates in this category is the former governor of Jakarta Basuki “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama, who was Jokowi’s deputy when the two ran for office in 2012, when Jokowi won Jakarta and Ahok of e – they are his assistant.
Ahok was jailed for two years in 2017 for blasphemy after he was found guilty of blaspheming a verse of the Koran.
Another criticism of the resettlement program is the forced removal of the Paser-Balik people from their lands, the destruction of forests and the threat to local flora and fauna including the endangered orangutan.
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“Environmentalists have warned about the potential damage to the environment and the rainforests that have been damaged by mining and the palm oil industry,” said Simandjuntak. “All these problems can be handled properly.”
Despite the delay due to the pandemic, construction of the new city could begin as early as 2024, the last year of Jokowi’s second and final term.
Brasilia, which opened in 1960, was established more than 60 years after Brazil decided to move its capital from Rio de Janeiro. The Australian Parliament opened in Canberra in 1927, but it wasn’t until the 1950s that many government departments moved to the city. Both cities have faced criticism over the years for being poorly thought out and uninhabitable.
“Whether the city moves or not, Jakarta still needs to be fixed,” Elisa Sutanudjaja, director of the Rujak Center for Urban Studies in Jakarta, told Al Jazeera.
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Sutanudjaja said Jakarta still needs to solve many problems including air pollution, land degradation, lack of access to clean water and waste disposal problems.
“And in the midst of a climate crisis like this, building something new and this big adds more carbon to the atmosphere,” he said. “It’s not like moving to another house if you can sell the old one.” As Indonesia plans to move its city to East Kalimantan, Access Partnership expert Seha Yatim shows how the government can implement the vision of a smart city in the country. op-ed for The Jakarta Post.
Indonesia’s decision to move the capital to East Kalimantan has generated a lot of interest. Locals can expect to see the economy spread beyond Java as foreign companies want to participate in real estate projects. On the other hand, some observers want to reject this announcement as the former leaders also planned and organized the money transfer scheme.
It is time for the government to think about two things. First, how will they solve the problems of urban sprawl in Jakarta and the city’s solutions. Second, what should they do to achieve the “smart” and “wild” vision they have for the new city?
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In my recent conversations with industry players, there has been a lot of debate about what a smart city is. There was a consensus that smart cities use technology to solve urban problems and benefit society – both in the community and not just its pockets. The purpose of this development was that no one should be left behind in the development of the country’s economy. But what we saw in Jakarta is that, even though more than a fifth of the city’s population is still there, there was not much to put in place until the obstacles were identified in the market and offered solutions. such as -wallets, e-commerce. platforms, and high-riding. tools.
These tools illustrate this point: the speed of technology adoption is much higher when technological solutions are adapted to human behavior in society. Internet businesses were not widespread in Indonesia because people often did not have credit cards and preferred peer-to-peer money transfers. Now, e-wallet service providers have changed this by allowing customers to store money in their electronic devices in various ways, such as making simple purchases or giving money to drivers.
Therefore, the key to successful urban development is the understanding of consumer behavior and the measurement of responses to it. In addition to investing in data engines, governments should also develop social scientists to ensure that the answers provided are accepted quickly.
To fully understand the data, you need an engineering team that can help you collect, clean and run samples to get information from them. However, advanced engineering talent is in short supply in parts of Asia, including Indonesia.
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What is the government or industry doing about this? In Indonesia, e-commerce company Bukalapak is working with the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) to develop AI engineering skills. Similarly, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is doing the same in collaboration with Hong Kong Electronic
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